The right
Until it became a term claimed by the media to describe some Muslims
groups, “fundamentalist” was used to describe Christians who took a
very literal interpretation of the Bible, especially those passages
associated with creation. Fundamentalist Christians were often
stereotyped as southern United States Baptists to indicate the
strictness of their interpretations and the codes of moral behaviour
that they pursued. The political right grew from such traditions and
now encompasses conservative Catholics, protestants and even some
secular groups who stand for moral absolutes based on their set of
values, no separation of public and private lives, hard work, a
government that encourages moral action and does not interfere in the
lives of people, and patriotic support for ones country.
But, in recent years there has been a shift in the media description to
label these views of a Christian right as “evangelical Christians”
dropping the “fundamentalist” tag. In the aftermath of the 2004
elections in both the United States and Australia, the media spoke of
the evangelical Christian right who had turned out in numbers to
counter the Democrat’s tactic of enrolling and encouraging vast numbers
of new voters to actually vote. In the Australian media, similar
responses were seen with a strong focus on the NSW seat of Greenway, a
supposedly strong Labor seat, which had fallen to the Liberals through
a member of the Hillsong Church. This view has more recently been taken
up in an article “Howard’s way” by Philip Adams.
Since the events of 9/11/2001, the electorate in most western countries
has turned to a more conservative base rejecting the values relativism
of post-modernism and yearning for a return to surety in values,
traditions, national identity and a sense of belonging. In these
circumstances, religion has prospered and countered the predictions of
the secular humanists in western countries, that religion would become
benign, if not irrelevant, as higher living standards in the consumer
society met the needs of people and took away their need for religion.
But are all evangelical Christians happy about being labelled as the
evangelical Christian right? Is there a Christian left? And more
importantly, can there be an evangelical Christian left?
The left
There are a number of people who are happy to paint a Christian left.
It is a political group that has typically left concerns for peace,
justice, equality, human rights and the rejection of excessive wealth.
Its Biblical base is in works and the teachings of Jesus Christ, which
in isolation from the rest of the Bible, are often translated into a
social gospel to which many secular humanists are also attracted. It
has a good dose of liberation theology, is global in orientation and
worldwide includes many Catholics, Anglican, Uniting and other
Christians with similar concerns. It is not often evangelical.
The discussion of left and right is a political one not a theological
one. Many Christians can identify with the left on one issue and with
the right on another. However, generally speaking, individual
Christians do identify more with one side than another. But I feel
caught between a rock and a hard place. I am drawn to both positions
for different reasons. As an evangelical, I yearn for some aspects of
the right, but don’t like how much of their theology is applied in the
real world, and I respect the left for its emphasis on social justice
and human rights, but their theology is not mine. Is there a different
position, an evangelical Christian left or am I just seeking the middle
ground?
Positioning Christians in a
political field.
The language of left and right is the language of politics. Even when
applied to other organizations, including the church, it has political
overtones and speaks of factions. Of greater interest is any attempt to
characterize the left and the right as supporting particular political
positions. The following table is one view:
ISSUES
|
CHRISTIAN LEFT
|
CHRISTIAN RIGHT
|
Capitalism
|
Government
intervention
Equity driven issues towards socialism
|
Freedom
of the individual
Doctrine driven
Market controlled
|
Trade
Unions
|
Compulsory
membership
Welfare oriented
Distrust of management
|
Anti-union
Individual contracts
Collective bargaining
|
Public
Schooling
|
Equality
of access
Funding by need
Egalitarian
|
User
pay
Competition
Freedom of choice
|
Middle
East
|
Support
Palestine
|
Support
Israel
|
Immigration
|
Less
selective
More accepting of refugees and
illegal immigrants
|
Strict
application of rules
Want more like us
Want limit on numbers
|
Family
|
Support
broader definition
Support social welfare
|
Focus
on nuclear family
Traditional family values
Self supporting policies lead to smaller families
|
Law
and Order
|
Promotes
alternatives to imprisonment
Protects human rights
Promotes support groups
|
More
prisons
Mandatory sentencing
Truth in sentencing
More powers to police
|
Charity
|
Supports
the sharing of resources
Global oriented
Supports underpriviledged
Debt forgiveness
|
Expects
people to help themselves
Reluctant to share resources
Maintains economic power
|
War
|
Anti-war,
support peace
More reticent to be involved
Anti-nuclear
|
Right
to impose desired political system or government on others
Opposes difference
Sees military solution to human problems
|
As previously expressed, Christians may find themselves right on some
issues and left on others, or even that they hold some left and right
views simultaneously. But such positions are of no interest to the
media whose desire to stereotype over-rides common sense. To carve out
a different territory for evangelical Christians it will be necessary
to generalise and develop a position that holds onto evangelical
theology, but with different arguments for application.
The evangelical Christian left?
To start the debate, what might the evangelical left position be,
compared to the evangelical right, on the issues above:
ISSUES
|
CHRISTIAN
LEFT
|
CHRISTIAN
RIGHT
|
Capitalism
|
Governemt
intervention has a place
in market driven economies to
protect the exploited.
|
Freedom
of the individual
Doctrine driven
Market controlled
|
Trade
Unions
|
Unions
have their place in protecting
the rights and conditions of workers.
|
Anti-union
Individual contracts
Collective bargaining
|
Public
schooling
|
A
strong well resourced public school
system provides equality.
|
User
pays
Competition
Freedom of choice
|
Indigenous
peoples
|
Acknowledge
the realities and supports
access to resources and local decision making.
|
Help
themselves
Don't accept responsibility for their current status.
|
Middle
East
|
Opposes
terrorism and military
aggression.
|
Support
Israel
|
Immigration
|
Sets
generous targets and acts with
compassion towards refugees and illegal immigrants.
|
Strict
application of rules.
Want more like us.
Want a limit on numbers.
|
Family
|
Supports
traditional family values and
recognizes the reality of different family
types.
|
Focus
on nuclear family.
Traditional family values.
Self-supporting policies lead to smaller families.
|
Law
and
order
|
Promotes
alternatives to imprisonment
but upholds strictly the rule of law.
|
More
prisons.
Mandatory sentencing.
Truth in sentencing.
More powers to police.
|
Charity
|
Be
generous towards others and maintain dignity.
|
Expects
people to help themselves.
Reluctant to share.
Protects economic power.
|
War
|
Recognises
war as a last resort and
questions any right to invade another
country.
Anti-nuclear.
|
Right
to impose desired political system or government on others.
See military solution to human problems.
|
John
Gore
The Christian Right - a grass
roots view
My atheist friend, Alan, was chairing our weekly current affairs
discussion just after the Howard Government’s election victory. The
twenty of us were vigorously discussing the influence of the Christian
Right when Alan turned to me and said, Steve, tell us what you told me
a few weeks ago about the early leaders of the union movement.
At first I didn’t see any connection with the recent election but I
told our group: A hundred years ago William Spence was perhaps
Australia’s greatest union organiser and he was also a Methodist lay
preacher who often made references to Jesus in his union speeches. The
first Labor Premier of NSW, “Honest” Jim McGowen, was Sunday School
superintendent in Redfern and very much encouraged in his union
activism by his rector, Bertie Boyce.
The discussion moved on until Jane, an agnostic, unexpectedly got a
word in. Steve’s right, she said, my grand father was an early union
leader in New Zealand and he also was a very devout Christian.
Others nodded in agreement.
I was left wondering why people of no religion seemed to be reassured
that evangelicals had once been active in working for social justice.
Our group is made up of older folk who are concerned for truth and
integrity in government, for justice and compassion towards asylum
seekers and for strengthening our community through public
education and public health services. All of these values are
Biblical principles. They were the basis for the efforts of the early
Christian union leaders. By contrast, most of my church friends base
their social ethics on their drive for respectability and on “freedom
of choice” for individuals and their families. So Christians today
urgently need to rediscover the teaching of the Old Testament on
justice and peace and to realise that God created humans to live
together in community. Therefore John Gore’s articles in TCF News
provide an important contribution.
However, do such debates have any relevance for our schools? In the
case of Special Religious Education (SRE) or Scripture, the volunteer
SRE teachers depend on the goodwill of the classroom teachers and we
are very grateful for the very high level of goodwill that makes SRE
possible. It would be a tragedy if this goodwill were to be jeopardised
by gung-ho Christian Right spokespeople who
undermined public schools or whose anti-union rhetoric threatens the
Teachers Federation.
Steve Howes
The story so far
The Christian Right has its origins in Fundamentalist Christianity. The
media has observed the rise of both fundamentalist Christian churches
and evangelical churches and has been unable to distinguish between
them. This has resulted in evangelicals being stereotyped as
fundamentalist right Christians, a position that not all evangelicals
are comfortable with.
“Left” and “right” descriptions are political descriptions. The
Christian left is characterized by concerns for peace, justice,
equality, human rights and the rejection of excessive wealth. It is
often liberal in theology and does not represent an alternative for
evangelicals uneasy or unhappy about being labeled with the Christian
right.
An evangelical left position might still be considered politically
right by most but such a position can be distinguished. In the
following table these positions are identified from the first article
with the addition of some scriptural references. The text that follows
attempts to distinguish the evangelical left position from the
evangelical right based on similar or different perspectives of these
scriptures.
This analysis is not exhaustive, but indicative, to help readers
distinguish different positions. Further study and consideration of
these scriptures is recommended.
ISSUES
|
EVANGELICAL
LEFT
|
BIBLE
|
EVANGELICAL
RIGHT
|
Capitalism
|
Government
intervention has a place
in market driven economies to protect
exploited.
|
Luke
19:1-9, 11-27;
Matt 25:14-29;
Matt 22:15-22.
|
Freedom
of the
individual.
Doctrine driven.
Market controlled.
|
Trade
unions
|
Unions
have their place in protecting
the rights and conditions of workers.
|
Acts
2:42-47;
Mark 6:30-44;
Matt 19:8.
|
Anti-union.
Individual contracts.
Collective bargaining.
|
Indigenous
peoples
|
Acknowledge
the realities and
supports access to resources
and local decision making.
|
Acts
2:5-12
Acts 10.
|
Help
themselves.
Don't accept responsibility
for their current status.
|
Middle
East
|
Opposes
terrorism and military aggression.
|
Matthew
5
|
Support
Israel.
|
Immigration
|
Sets
generous targets and acts with compassion towards refugees and
illegal immigrants
|
Ruth
|
Strict
application of rules.
Want more like us.
Want limit on numbers.
|
Family
|
Supports
traditional family values and recognizes the reality of different
family
types
|
Romans
16:10-11
1Cor.1:11,16 and 16:15
Matt 10:35-36 and 19:5, 14-15
Eph 5:31-33 and 6:4
|
Focus
on nuclear family.
Traditional family values.
Self supporting policies lead to smaller families.
|
John
Gore
|